Water Damage: Causes and Types

Water damage is an expensive and common problem in the United States. The Insurance Information Institute (III) estimates that water damage accounts for more than 20% of all homeowners insurance claims.

Causes of Water Damage

Water damage can occur from a variety of sources, including:

  • Flooding
  • Leaks
  • Burst pipes
  • Heavy rain
  • Snowmelt
  • Toilet overflows
  • Washing machine overflows
  • Dishwasher leaks

Types of Water Damage

Water damage can be classified as clean water damage or gray water damage.

  • Clean water damage is caused by water that is not contaminated with sewage or other harmful substances.
  • Gray water damage is caused by water that has been contaminated with sewage or other harmful substances.

The type of water damage will determine the severity of the damage and the cost of repairs.

What is the Root Cause of Water Damage?

The root cause of water damage is often a failure in the building’s envelope. The building envelope is the system of materials that separates the interior of the building from the exterior. If the building envelope is damaged, water can enter the building and cause damage.

Common causes of building envelope failure include:

  • Cracked or damaged roof
  • Damaged or missing siding
  • Broken or leaking windows
  • Damaged or missing flashing
  • Poorly sealed joints around pipes and wires

By understanding the causes of water damage, you can take steps to prevent it from occurring in your home or business.